Tips on How to Manage and Prevent Melanoma

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that occurs when melanocytes, the cells that give the skin its color, start to grow out of control. Most melanoma cells can still make melanin, thus the tumors are usually colored brown or black. In some cases when melanoma cells can no longer make melanin, the melanoma can appear pink, tan, or even white in color.

Cells in nearly every part of the body can become cancerous once they grow out of control. Melanoma can form anywhere on the skin, but rarely inside the body. It can also form in the eyes. Melanoma may be classified as a less common type of skin cancer, but it is considered more dangerous as it can spread to other areas of the body when not detected and treated early.

UV radiation from the sun's rays is dangerous. This penetrates clothing, windows, clouds. Exposure to the sun rays accumulates over time which is why early prevention is important. Although the sun may feel good from time to time, it is important to keep in mind that it is your skin's worst enemy.

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The Skin Cancer Foundation has issued the following recommendation to save your skin.

1. Cover-Up. Aside from limiting sun exposure from 10 AM to 4 PM, keeping your skin covered with proper clothing provides a great barrier against ultraviolet rays. New technology has enabled the creation of fabrics with UV protection. The more coverage the clothing provides your skin, the better.

2. Use broad-spectrum sunscreen. Seek those that has a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or higher every day, and fight against both UVA/UVB. If you are going to be exposed outdoors for a longer period of time, opt for a higher SPF of at least 30.

3. Apply an ounce or 2 tablespoons of sunscreen 30 minutes prior to sun exposure and reapply every two hours after excessive sweating or swimming.

4. Keep newborns out of the sun. Clothing should cover the vulnerable parts of the newborn, including arms and legs. Don't forget to use sunglasses and wide-brimmed hats to shield them from the sun.

5. Never use tanning beds and sunlamps. Most people believe that tanning beds are relatively harmless. However, studies show that even a one time use of an indoor tanner increases your likelihood of developing any kind of skin cancer, especially if you started using before the age of 30. 

6. Do a monthly skin self-exam. Skin cancers appear in different shapes and sizes. When you noticed something new or unusual, have it checked immediately by your dermatologist.

Remember the letters ABCDE to help identify unusual changes in the skin.

• Asymmetry. Asymmetrical shape of moles may be a cause for concern.
• Borders. Irregular borders in skin moles may indicate characteristics of melanoma.
• Color. Changes in color are another telltale sign of possible skin cancer.
• Diameter. Moles larger than 1/4 inch must be carefully looked into.
• Evolving. Changes in size, shape, and color of moles are signs to watch out for.

7. Maintain a healthy immune system. A weakened immune system can increase your risk of acquiring melanoma and other types of skin cancer. 

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